《庄子·天下》与中国古代学术史

《庄子·天下》在中国古代学术史上的意义久被学者们所认识,但诸如:《庄子.天下》对道术体性的真正期望何在?其在论列旧法世传之史、邹鲁六经及百家之学时,其背后的学术内涵是什么?其对百家之学究竟是肯定还是否定?原因何在?所有这一切最终对中国古代学术文化有何等影响?这些问题至今似仍罕为学者所尽数参透,因而有必要再予诠衡论析,考订评量。但其中最为重要的是,中国古代政教制度实践对社会文化的辐射、影响之大,必须予以充分关注。     

Books on probability ideas are reviewed

In this paper, semiparametric methods are applied to estimate multivariate volatility functions, using a residual approach as in [J. Fan and Q. Yao, Efficient estimation of conditional variance functions in stochastic regression, Biometrika 85 (1998), pp. 645–660; F.A. Ziegelmann, Nonparametric estimation of volatility functions: The local exponential estimator, Econometric Theory 18 (2002), pp. 985–991; F.A. Ziegelmann, A local linear least-absolute-deviations estimator of volatility, Comm. Statist. Simulation Comput. 37 (2008), pp. 1543–1564], among others. Our main goal here is two-fold: (1) describe and implement a number of semiparametric models, such as additive, single-index and (adaptive) functional-coefficient, in volatility estimation, all motivated as alternatives to deal with the curse of dimensionality present in fully nonparametric models; and (2) propose the use of a variation of the traditional cross-validation method to deal with model choice in the class of adaptive functional-coefficient models, choosing simultaneously the bandwidth, the number of covariates in the model and also the single-index smoothing variable. The modified cross-validation algorithm is able to tackle the computational burden caused by the model complexity, providing an important tool in semiparametric volatility estimation. We briefly discuss model identifiability when estimating volatility as well as nonnegativity of the resulting estimators. Furthermore, Monte Carlo simulations for several underlying generating models are implemented and applications to real data are provided.     

The Box–Cox Transformation and Non‐Iterative Estimation Methods for Ordinal Log‐Linear Models

Recently Beh and Farver investigated and evaluated three non‐iterative procedures for estimating the linear‐by‐linear parameter of an ordinal log‐linear model. The study demonstrated that these non‐iterative techniques provide estimates that are, for most types of contingency tables, statistically indistinguishable from estimates from Newton's unidimensional algorithm. Here we show how two of these techniques are related using the Box–Cox transformation. We also show that by using this transformation, accurate non‐iterative estimates are achievable even when a contingency table contains sampling zeros.     

论我国经济增长方式转变的精神文化特性

我国经济增长方式的转变,其实质是生产力内在构成要素的转换,其中精神文化因素逐渐成为生产力发展的主导性要素,经济发展从客体性经济转向主体性经济。其本质内涵可以从三个层面加以理解:从传统的物质生产方式向现代性的物质生产方式转换,具有现代经济的精神文化特性,主体的精神文化因素在经济发展中发挥着越来越重要的作用;本质上是一种从"直接劳动"向"科学劳动"的转变,具有鲜明的现代科学文化精神;发掘人的智能,以精神性的资源逐步替代物质性的资源,并以此为基础实现从工业经济向知识经济的转型。     

论老年人犯罪从宽暨免死的年龄标准与立法模式——以《刑法修正案(八)》为视角

老年人犯罪从宽的年龄标准应当有别于老年人免死的年龄标准。当前,中国对老年人犯罪从宽的年龄宜规定为"年满70周岁",而对老年人犯罪免死的年龄则宜规定为"年满75周岁"。对老年人犯罪从宽应当与对未成年人犯罪从宽相一致,统一规定为"应当从轻或者减轻处罚",而没有必要区分故意和过失犯罪分别规定。考虑到老年人犯罪免死的根据、刑罚目的和国际上的普遍做法,中国应当免除所有老年人犯罪的死刑,而不应有例外。     

国外能源贫困文献综述

能源贫困是世界性难题,它是发展中国家贫困的重要标志。在发展中国家,能源贫困这个问题一直困扰着国家部分地区的发展。为了可以有效地解决能源贫困的问题,本文将对能源贫困的相关文献做出总结,为决策者提供依据和基础。能源贫困是一个抽象概念,通过量化的能源贫困指数,以便定量研究能源贫困问题。本文着重对能源贫困概念的界定、衡量能源贫困度的方法、能源贫困的指标体系构建、解决途径的研究及研究方法和手段进行了简要综述。     

Adaptive designs for single‐arm phase II trials in oncology

Clinical phase II trials in oncology are conducted to determine whether the activity of a new anticancer treatment is promising enough to merit further investigation. Two‐stage designs are commonly used for this situation to allow for early termination. Designs proposed in the literature so far have the common drawback that the sample sizes for the two stages have to be specified in the protocol and have to be adhered to strictly during the course of the trial. As a consequence, designs that allow a higher extent of flexibility are desirable. In this article, we propose a new adaptive method that allows an arbitrary modification of the sample size of the second stage using the results of the interim analysis or external information while controlling the type I error rate. If the sample size is not changed during the trial, the proposed design shows very similar characteristics to the optimal two‐stage design proposed by Chang et al. (Biometrics 1987; 43:865–874). However, the new design allows the use of mid‐course information for the planning of the second stage, thus meeting practical requirements when performing clinical phase II trials in oncology. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

农村劳动力转移就业的多元路径选择

长期以来，我国农村劳动力转移就业基本上是以流向东部沿海经济发达地区为主的单一模式。近年来，受东部沿海地区产业向中西部地区转移进程加快和内地经济快速发展的影响，区域间的比较优势逐渐弱化，农村劳动力远距离就业的选择空间越来越大，当地政府必须通过调整农业经济结构、鼓励农民自主创业、加大招商引资力度和开辟国外劳务市场等途径探索多元转移就业路径，实现农村劳动力合理转移就业。     

山阴方言蟹止两摄的读音及演变

蟹摄和止摄在山阴方言中演变比较复杂。通过中古音韵蟹止两摄与山阴方言的读音比较看出,在语音演变过程中,蟹止两摄在山阴方言中保留了一些较古老的语音特征。     

南方谈话理论品质的三个维度——兼论其对共同富裕的启示

当前改革已进入攻坚阶段,重温邓小平南方谈话意义重大。应以宏观的视野对南方谈话进行整体性观照,从实践理性、辩证理性、价值理性三个维度准确把握其理论品质,这对当前实现共同富裕目标有着积极的启示意义。